Today in the Times, Paul Krugman lends his Nobel-winning credibility to the argument for massive government spending in order to stimulate the economy.
Yes, it will drive up the deficit in the short run. And, yes, fears of higher deficits led Bill Clinton to abandon his spending promises during the 1990s. But this is not the 1990s, Krugman reminds us. Back then, Clinton was worried that government borrowing would "crowd out" private investment, by driving up interest rates. Today, interest rates are ridiculously low.
Admittedly, this isn't the first time a prominent expert has made this sort of case. (It's not even the first time Krugman has made it.) But today's column does contain one important argument that's gotten relatively little attention: the fact that, twice before, governments tried balancing the budget to combat the sort of crisis we're experiencing today. Both times, the strategy failed.
Krugman explains:
The first took place in 1937, when Franklin Roosevelt mistakenly
heeded the advice of his own era’s deficit worriers. He sharply reduced
government spending, among other things cutting the Works Progress
Administration in half, and also raised taxes. The result was a severe
recession, and a steep fall in private investment.
The second
episode took place 60 years later, in Japan. In 1996-97 the Japanese
government tried to balance its budget, cutting spending and raising
taxes. And again the recession that followed led to a steep fall in
private investment.
Just to be clear, I’m not arguing that trying to reduce the budget deficit is always bad
for private investment. You can make a reasonable case that Bill
Clinton’s fiscal restraint in the 1990s helped fuel the great U.S.
investment boom of that decade, which in turn helped cause a resurgence
in productivity growth.
What made fiscal austerity such a bad
idea both in Roosevelt’s America and in 1990s Japan were special
circumstances: in both cases the government pulled back in the face of
a liquidity trap, a situation in which the monetary authority had cut
interest rates as far as it could, yet the economy was still operating
far below capacity.
And we’re in the same kind of trap today--which is why deficit worries are misplaced.
--Jonathan Cohn